RFE/RL - 07.18.2003

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Potential for Political Transformation in the South Caucasus

A Briefing at RFE/RL
Reported by NCSJ intern Amy Deckelbaum

Participants: 
Sabit Bagirov (Board Chairman, Open Society Institute-Assistance Foundation Azerbaijan)
Mikhail Chachkhunashvili (Board Chairman Open Society-Georgia Foundation)
Boris Navasardyan (Open Society Institute- Assistance Foundation Armenia)

This briefing focused on the formation of democracies in the nations of Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia. The OSI board members from each country all had a positive outlook on the chances for free and open democracies to emerge. Participants gave a brief overview of the current situation from their region before opening for questions.

Armenia-Both presidential and parliamentary elections have recently taken place. Navasardyan praised the elections as moving toward a free and open democracy, as the voting system has become more honest. An effort was made to enfranchise refugees who had previously not been permitted to participate in elections. While it was noted that the situation in Armenia has improved, areas for further progress were also mentioned. The numerous “mafia style” organizations in the country have created monopolies over certain sectors that need to be addressed, yet these organizations do not see benefits of losing their monopolies and are thus resistant. More education can prepare those needed to carry out the desired political and economic reforms. There is currently only marginal political opposition to ruling parties.

Azerbaijan- The presidential elections for Azerbaijan are going to be held in November. It is hoped that a new government could bring the needed change and reforms. Bagirov stated that oil needs to play a larger role in the national and international economy for Azerbaijan to be prosperous. If this is the case, Azerbaijan will be able to play a more significant role in the world economy. 

Georgia- The parliamentary elections in Georgia will be held in October. Chachkhunashvili pointed out that it was difficult to speak of true independence, as the country has only one source of energy and must rely upon Russia. As the local elections that have already taken place are important for successful national elections, he was optimistic for the upcoming vote despite a record of past election fraud.


Some of the key points made by participants, in response to questions: 

· Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) will be key in the formation of “western style” democracies. Since the breakup of the USSR, while not all forms of civil organizations have developed, NGOs have lobbied governments for legislation. NGOs have articulated objections to some government actions and stimulated more opposition.

· “Legitimate” leaders are needed in government if they are going to make the courageous moves that would lead to requisite changes.

· The process of achieving free and open elections involves actions both before and after the election and not just the actual day of voting.

· Communication between a government and its people is vital.

· Cross-border initiatives are vital, even though only a few have been successful to date. 

· There are many incentives for these three nations to develop free and open democracies. By joining the Council of Europe, the nations have more international pressure to establish “western style” democracies.

· The governments must prioritize areas of importance when dealing with issues of economic development and environmental concerns.